Here's a list of uncommon names in different living languages for existing countries and some regions and islands. "Uncommon" means that the names differ from the international and/or English names - that is, they have different etymological backgrounds -, or that they seem to do. In the latter cases an * is added. Excluded are versions that are mere translations (from names like "Central African Republic" and "the Netherlands"). Sometimes a language might have two or more names for a specific country, possibly including obsolete ones. In that case, only the deviant version is selected. There are some names which are no longer in use; these are marked with ^#. If an alternative occurs in more than one language, the one in the most relevant language is listed, and sometimes derivations or resembling names too.

Abbreviations:
arc. = archipelago
Ch. = Chinese
Fi. = Finnish
Gl. = Greenlandic Eskimo
Gr. = New Greek
Hb. = Hebrew (Ivrit)
Hg. = Hungarian
Jp. = Japanese
Kr. = Korean
Tb. = Tibetan
Tr. = Turkish
Vt. = Vietnamese

Abkhazia: Abkhaz Apsny*
Africa: Ch. Feizhou*; Vt. Phi Châu*, Châu Phi*
Africa North: Tamazight Amazigh
Alandia (arc.): Fi. Ahvenanmaa
Albania: Albanian Shqipëria; Tr. Arnavutluk*
America (U.S.A.): Ch. Meiguo*; Jp. Beikoku*; Irish an t-Oilean Ur^#
Armenia: Armenian Hayastan; Georgian Somkheti
Austria: Czech Rakousko; Arabic an-Nimsa
Basque country: Basque Euskadi*^?
Belarus: Lithuanian Gudija; Latvian Baltkrievija; Fi. Valko-Venäjä; Estonian Valgevene
Bhutan: Dzongkha Druk Yul; Tb. Brug (Yul), Lho Brug, Mon
Bothnia: Swedish Kvenland
Brittany: Welsh Llydaw
Burma: Burmese Myanma(r); Ch. Miandian; Rwanda Miyamare
Caspian Sea: Tr. Hazar Denizi; Arabic Bahr al-Khazar
Chechnya: Chechen Noxçiyçö*
China: Ch. Zhongguo; Tb. Krung-go, rGya-Nag, Li Ling, Nyi 'Og; Jp. Chuugoku; Russian Kitay; Mongolian Khyatad; Vt. Trung hoa, Trung Quóc
Egypt: Arabic Misr; Hb. Mitsrayim
England/Great Britain: Gaelic Sasainn; Welsh Lloegr; Jp. Eikoku*
Estonia: Fi. Viro; Latvian Igaunijâ
Ethiopia: Somali Xabasha; Swahili Uhabeshi; Czech Habeš^#;
Falklands (arc.): Spanish Islas Malvinas
Finland: Fi. Suomi; Latvian Somija
Finnmark: Fi. Ruija
France: Gr. Gallia; Hb. Tsarfat
Georgia: Georgian Sakartvelo; Armenian Vrastan
Germany/Deutschland: French Allemagne; Fi. Saksa; Czech Nemecko; Hg. Németország
Yiddish Aschkenas; Latvian Vâcija; Lithuanian Vokietija
Greece: Gr. Ellas; Norwegian Hellas; Vt. Nuóc Hy-lap; Tr. Yunanistan; Hb. Yawan; Georgian Saberdzneti
Greenland: Gl. Kalaallit Nunaat
-East: Gl. Tunu
-North: Gl. Avannaarsua
-West: Gl. Kitaa
Hebrides: Irish Inse Gall
Hiiumaa (island): Swedish Dagö
Hungary: Hg. Magyarország; Polish Wegry*
Hvar (island): Italian Lesina
India: Hindi Bharat; Esperanto Barato; Tb. Rgya Gar (Yul); Hb. Hodu
Ingushetia: Ingush Galgay Respublika
Iran: Hb. Paras; Tb. Tazig
Israel: Luganda Buyudaya
Italy: Polish Wlochy; Hg. Olaszország
Italy North: political Padania
Japan: Jp. Nihon/Nippon*; Kr. Ilbon*; Ch. Riben*; Vt. Nuóc Nhât*
Kaliningrad: German Königsberg
(Nagorno-)Karabakh: Armenian Artsakh
Korea: Kr. Choson; Jp. Kankoku, Chousen, Sankan^#; Ch. (China) Chaoxian; Ch. (Taiwan) Hanguo; Mongolian Solongos
Korea North: Kr. (North) Choson; Kr. (South) Puk-Han
Korea South: Kr. (South) Taehan-min'guk, Han-guk, Nam-Han
Krk (island): Italian Veglia
Kurils (arc.): Jp. Chishima-retto
Lapland: Saame Sápmi
Macao: Ch. Aomen
Man, Isle of: Ghaelg Ellan Vannin*
Mexico: Nahuatl (Aztec) Anahuac
Moldova: Tr. Bogdan^#
Mongolia: Tb. Sog Po, Sog Yul
Morocco: Arabic al-Maghrib; Tr. Fas
Navajo Nation: Navajo Dine Bikeyah
Netherlands/Holland: Bahasa Indonesia Belanda*^?; Sranan B(e)landa*^?; Hg. Németalföld; Tr. Felemenk^#
Netherlands Antilles (arc.): Swedish Nederländska Västindien
New Zealand: Maori Aotearoa; Estonian Uus-Meremaa
-North Island: Maori Te Ika A Maui
-South Island: Maori Te Waipounamu
Newfoundland: Irish Talamh an Eisc
Ossetia: Ossete Iriston
Ostrobothnia: Fi. Pohjanmaa
Paracel Islands: Ch. Xisha Qundao; Vt. (Quan) Dao Tay sa
Poland: Hg. Lengyelország; Lithuanian Lenkija; Tr. Lehistan^#
Russia: Fi. Venäjä; Estonian Venemaa; Latvian Krievijâ; Ch. Eguo*; Kalmyk Äräsän*^?
Sakhalin (island): Jp. Karafuto
Saaremaa (island): Swedish Ösel
Scandinavia: Gaelic Lochlann; Welsh Llychlyn
Scotland: Gaelic Alba
Shetlands: Irish Inis Cad
South Africa: political Azania
Spain: Hb. Sfarad
Spitsbergen (arc.): Norwegian Svalbard
Sweden: Fi. Ruotsi
Switzerland: Gr. Elbetia; Gaelic an Eilbheis
Tavastland: Fi. Häme
Tibet: Tb. Bod; Ch. Xizang
Transylvania: Romanian Ardeal; Hg. Erdély; German Siebenbürgen; Bulgarian Sedmogradsko
South Tirol: Italian Alto Adige
Valahia: Romanian Muntenia; Hg. Havasalföld
Vietnam: Ch. Yuenan*
Wales: Welsh Cymru; Breton Kembre; Irish An Bhreatain Bheag; Tr. Galler*^?
Yakutia: Yakut Sakha
Yemen: Hb. Teyman*
Zanzibar: Swahili Unguja

This list has in no way the pretention of being exhaustive or error-free. Any additional information, any comment is welcomed. Please write to Harm Tuenter (harm.tuenter "at" tip.nl).

A look at Albania